1. Preterm Births. Babies were more likely to be born preterm or with low birthweights among women with specific risk factors (those with Medi-Cal, Latina, Black, working during the 9th month, smoking, and obese), due to inequities in psychosocial, behavioral, socio-demographic, medical, and healthcare conditions.
2. Infant formula and breastfeeding disparities. By 2 months old, 77% of infants of low-income families are fed infant formula, instead of exclusively breastfed as recommended.
3. Early childhood obesity. Nutrition and physical activity inequities are causing overweight (13%) and obesity (18%) among young children in San Francisco. (3-4 year old children in SF Head Start)
4. Childhood dental decay. 34% of SFUSD kindergarteners have already experienced dental caries.
5. Child Abuse. 5.5% of children in San Francisco have experienced substantiated abuse or neglect.
6. Stress of special health care needs. Parents of children with special health care needs have increased stress because of the health condition, fragmented health services, and lack of support.
7. Physical Inactvity. Half of Latino (51%) and Black (48%) SFUSD 5th graders failed the Fitnessgram standards for aerobic capacity, compared to one-quarter of White (26%) and Asian (23%) 5th graders.
8. Adolescent Depression & Suicidality. 26% of high school students (SFUSD) are feeling sad or hopeless.
9. Black maternal and infant health. Black women and infants have worse health outcomes, including maternal obesity and hypertension; and preterm birth and infant mortality.
10. Preconception & Prenatal Drug Abuse. Women abusing drugs have poor health and social outcomes for themselves, but also poor pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes.
11. Intimate Partner Violence. 1 in 10 women with Medi-Cal in SF experience intimate partner violence during pregnancy.
12. Perinatal depression. 1 in 6 mothers with Medi-Cal in SF suffer from postpartum depression, three-times higher than those with private insurance (18.2% vs 5.5%).
13. Primary care utilization for young women. Only 12% of low-income women (<100% FPL) have a medical home. Among San Francisco Health Plan female members age 20-29 years old, only 7% had a preventive health visit within the past year.
14. Prenatal care disparities. 30% of pregnant women with Medi-Cal missed first-trimester prenatal care, six-times higher than those with private insurance (30% vs 5%).
15. Inadequate and expensive housing conditions disproportionately affect the health of low-income families.

*Source: San Francisco Department of Public Health 2014 Needs Assessment of Maternal Child & Adolescent Health